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Anti-corruption strategy for 2015-2025, approved by Presidential Decree No. 986 of 26 December 2014
On Anti-Corruption Strategy of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2015-2025
Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated December 26, 2014 No. 986
COMMENTARY
In order to further define the main directions of the anti-corruption policy of the State, I REGULATE:
1. To approve the attached Anticorruption Strategy of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2015-2025 (hereinafter – the Strategy).
2. The Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan, state bodies directly subordinate and accountable to the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, mayor of the cities of Astana and Almaty, oblasts shall be guided in their activities by the Strategy and take necessary measures for its implementation.
3. 3. Control over implementation of the present Decree shall be entrusted to the Administration of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
4. The present Decree shall be put into effect from the date of signing.
President of
the Republic of Kazakhstan N. Nazarbayev
APPROVED BY
Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan
No. 986 of 26 December 2014
ANTI-CORRUPTION STRATEGY OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN FOR 2015-2025
Contents
1. Introduction.
2. Current situation analysis
2.1 Positive trends in the fight against corruption
2.2. Problems to be solved
2.3. The main factors contributing to the manifestation of corruption
3. Goal and objectives
3.1 Purpose and target indicators
3.2 Tasks
4. 4. Key areas, key approaches and priority actions
4.1 Counteracting Corruption in the Civil Service
4.2. Introduction of the institute of public control
4.3. Countering Corruption in the Quasi Public and Private Sector
4.4. Prevention of corruption in judicial and law enforcement bodies
4.5 Formation of the level of anti-corruption culture
4.6. Development of international cooperation in the fight against corruption
5. Strategy implementation monitoring and evaluation
1. Introduction.
Strategy “Kazakhstan-2050″: The new political course of the established state” raises corruption in a rank of direct threat to national security and directs the state and society to join efforts in struggle against this negative phenomenon.
The main strategic document of our country, reflecting a principal position of Kazakhstan on this important issue, serves as a basis for the anti-corruption policy of the state in the coming years.
It is well known that corruption leads to reduction of efficiency of state management, investment attractiveness of the country, restrains progressive social and economic development.
Since the first days of state independence, Kazakhstan has been following the course of creating effective institutions and mechanisms for combating corruption in accordance with international standards in a purposeful and gradual manner.
Our country has modern anti-corruption legislation, the basis of which is the laws “On Combating Corruption” and “On Civil Service”, a number of policy documents are being implemented, a special authorized body has been established that comprehensively implements functions in the field of civil service and anti-corruption, and international cooperation in the field of anti-corruption activities is being actively implemented.
A system of civil service has been established based on the principles of meritocracy, in which capable and professionally trained people, irrespective of their social origin and property status, hold senior positions, including a clear distinction and definition of the functions and powers of each organ and official of the State.
Comprehensive measures have been taken to develop public services and to computerise the work of the state apparatus, reducing direct contacts between officials and citizens and minimising conditions for corruption.
The measures taken to improve the standard of living of citizens, growth of the national economy, improvement of business conditions, legal literacy and social activity of the population, introduction of e-government, which have enabled Kazakhstan to become one of the 50 most competitive countries in the world, also create conditions for the formation of the culture of law-abiding and generally accepted anti-corruption behavior models.
At the same time, the solution of strategic tasks on further growth of the economy, improvement of welfare of the people, implementation of the ambitious task on entering the top thirty most competitive countries of the world, requires the adoption of new systemic measures based on modernization of the anti-corruption policy of the state and increasing the role of civil society institutions in its implementation, which would allow minimizing corruption manifestations.
Therefore, at this stage, there is a need to adopt a new state policy document defining an anti-corruption strategy (hereinafter referred to as the Strategy or Anti-Corruption Strategy).
In such a document, the leading role should be given to complex preventive measures capable of radically reducing the level of corruption and eliminating the causes and conditions which give rise to corruption in different spheres of life of the state and society. In other words, the emphasis should be placed on eliminating the preconditions of corruption rather than on fighting its consequences.
Improving the competitiveness of the national economy also implies the priority of measures to eliminate administrative barriers to business development, effective protection of the rights and legitimate interests of domestic and foreign entrepreneurs working in Kazakhstan from any corrupt practices.
However, the basic directions defined in the Strategy cannot be data once and for all. They should be adjusted as individual measures are implemented and taking into account the results of a thorough analysis of the phenomenon of corruption, its causes, motivation for corrupt behaviour and a serious and objective assessment of the state of affairs in the fight against corruption.
2. Analysis of the current situation
2.1 Positive trends in the fight against corruption
At the previous stages of development of the Kazakhstan state the generally recognized results were achieved, there were obvious positive tendencies in counteraction to corruption, strengthening and development of which will be a guarantee of successful realization of the present Anti-corruption strategy at the present stage of development of the country.
Kazakhstan was one of the first CIS countries to adopt the Law “On Combating Corruption”, which defined the goals, objectives, main principles and mechanisms to combat this negative phenomenon.
Since 2001, state programmes to combat corruption have been implemented, under which specific measures have been taken to eliminate the causes and conditions of corruption.
The Law “On Civil Service”, in force since 1999, and the Code of Honour of Civil Servants, approved by the Head of State in 2005, have created the basis for the formation of a professional state apparatus in Kazakhstan, built on the principles of accountability, transparency and meritocracy.
A special state body has been created to combine regulatory and law enforcement functions in the area of civil service and anti-corruption. It is intended not only to regulate the organization and performance of civil service and to monitor the purity of the state apparatus, but also has the function of preventing and preventing corruption and prosecuting persons who have committed crimes of corruption.
At the same time, preventive activities are a priority for the newly established body.
The principle of inevitability of punishment is being successfully implemented. Officials found guilty of committing acts of corruption, regardless of their positions and ranks, are liable to the full extent of the law.
The criminal law policy ensures strict liability of officials for committing crimes of corruption.
The need for strict liability for corruption offences is stipulated in the Concept of Legal Policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the period from 2010 to 2020.
This fundamental approach has been implemented in the new Criminal Code. Thus, persons who have committed crimes of corruption will not be subject to the statute of limitations, a ban on probation has been established, and a lifetime ban on the right to hold positions in the civil service has been introduced.
Anti-corruption legislation has been supplemented by norms on confiscation of criminally obtained property and personal responsibility of managers for combating corruption. It enshrines such an important concept as “conflict of interest”.
At the same time, along with increasing responsibility of civil servants, their social guarantees are also being improved.
Gradual, regular increase of civil servants’ salaries is intended to improve the social well-being of civil servants and create conditions for them to perform their duties honestly and fairly.
The State programme for the further modernization of the law enforcement system for the period up to 2020 and the Concept for Personnel Policy of the law enforcement agencies provide for measures aimed at increasing the level of confidence in the law enforcement agencies and at developing personnel with impeccable behaviour and a high level of competence.
Particular attention is paid to increasing confidence in the judicial system and strengthening its role in protecting the rights and legitimate interests of citizens. Measures have been taken to improve the mechanism for the formation of a corps of judges, to develop electronic proceedings and to make them more transparent and accessible.
Access to information has been expanded everywhere, which has been facilitated by measures to develop e-government and the Internet resources of public and private bodies.
Conditions have been created for citizens to easily inform about corruption, including through telephone hotlines and websites of government agencies.
In order to strengthen the country’s investment attractiveness and improve its competitiveness, administrative barriers hindering entrepreneurial activity and the population’s access to high-quality and fast public services are being eliminated.
With the adoption of the Law “On public services” and the Law “On permits and notices”, conditions have been created to improve the quality of public services, and the number of permits and licensed activities has been sharply reduced.
The system of efficiency assessment and external control over the quality of public services provision has been formed.
As a result of the work carried out, the number of violations of the terms of provision of public services (8.7 times less than in 2012) and complaints about the quality of their provision (by 25%), as well as an increase in the share of automated services (more than 2 times) and services provided through service centers (by 51%) has decreased annually.
The level of automation of public procurement is increasing, which promotes the formation of a competitive environment and transparent and efficient use of budget funds.
Favourable conditions have been created in the non-state sector of the economy for entrepreneurial activity, employment and employment of the population.
In general, these measures have enabled Kazakhstan to take one of the leading positions both in Central Asia and among the CIS countries in terms of the level of anti-corruption activity.
2.2. Problems that need to be addressed
Corruption, which is a complex, historically volatile, negative social phenomenon, emerged, as we know, in the early stages of human civilization.
The problem of corruption exists in all countries, hampering social and economic progress; it differs only in its characteristic manifestations and scale.
Despite the absence of a universal and comprehensive definition of an act of corruption, it primarily includes the abuse of power or official position by officials for personal gain, while the most common types of corruption are usually bribery of officials, the use of official power for personal gain.
The difficulty in developing effective measures against corruption is also due to its specific characteristics for each individual State and the difficulties associated with its variable characteristics.
When determining the causes, conditions and consequences of corruption, such factors as local mentality, national and religious peculiarities and the level of legal culture must be taken into account.
At the same time, the main conditions for effective and systematic fight against corruption are accountability and control of authorities to society, independence and fairness of justice, clear and uncomplicated laws, meritocracy in the state personnel policy, transparency of state procedures and intolerance of corruption in society.
In the conditions of economic modernization and large-scale social transformations in Kazakhstan, the need for a holistic anti-corruption strategy, which is closely linked to the modern socio-economic policy of the state, taking into account the culture and ethics of our society, international trends in the fight against this social evil, is becoming increasingly evident.
The strategy will become the basis for new mechanisms and tools to improve the effectiveness of government policy in the fight against corruption.
In addition to the strictly law enforcement component, the choice of scientifically substantiated forms and methods of state management, distribution and use of public funds and on this basis elimination of causes and conditions of corruption are equally important in the anti-corruption policy.
In the anti-corruption system, the fundamental link is to identify and minimise corruption risks, conditions and causes that accompany them.
An assessment of corruption risks and the level of their prevalence in various spheres and industries helps identify gaps in state, including regulatory and legal regulation of anti-corruption activities, problems arising in the mechanisms of state and legal regulation, and develop measures aimed at improving law enforcement practice in the process of anti-corruption activities.
Lack of transparency in decisions affecting the most significant issues of public life, lack of proper civil control and consideration of public opinion in the activities of the state apparatus lead to excessive bureaucracy, administrative barriers and abuse of office, which together form negative factors contributing to the growth of corruption.
In the current organizational and legal mechanisms, the main problem remains the lack of proper law enforcement, despite the ongoing qualitative updating of the basic branches of national legislation.
The problem of using the entire arsenal of means to prevent corrupt practices is still topical.
Current legislation and the institutions inherent in Kazakh law have untapped potential to combat corruption, the full implementation of which should be taken into account as much as possible when considering the introduction of foreign models and experience in this area.
There is also a lack of consistency in preventive and preventive work.
In this context, the priority for the anti-corruption authority should be not so much criminal prosecution as the development and adoption of preventive measures aimed at identifying and eliminating the causes and conditions of corrupt practices.
At the same time, attention should also be focused on the activities of local authorities, because of the expansion of their powers and responsibility for the state of affairs in the regions and because it is they who provide their public services to meet the daily needs and requirements of citizens.
In general, the activities of the authorized body should maintain a balance between its law enforcement and regulatory functions.
Conflict of interest in the performance of public functions is also one of the serious reasons for corruption in the public sector. A detailed analysis of the mechanisms of carrying out public functions, including public services, will make it possible to identify and eliminate the causes contributing to the spread of corruption.
To date, insufficient attention has been paid to improving the legal culture of citizens and legal education, especially in the areas and norms of existing law that are most in demand in the daily life of the population.
Anti-corruption propaganda is mainly limited to one-off actions and campaigns, model speeches in the mass media, and the Internet space is not sufficiently utilized.
The existing information field does not always help to consolidate society in forming zero tolerance for corruption.
The level and quality of sociological research dedicated to the study of corruption problems and the effectiveness of anti-corruption measures taken by the state leaves much to be desired.
At the legislative level there is still no differentiation between violations of norms and rules of official ethics and corruption offences proper, which distorts the real picture of corruption, hinders concentration of state efforts on actual directions of the fight against corruption and leads to an unjustified growth of the country’s corruption rating.
At the same time, there is no clear distinction between the levels of acts of corruption and, accordingly, the applicable punishment for their commission.
It is necessary to finally define the approaches to combating corruption in the private sector as well.
Interference by the state in the activities of business entities should be based on a clear understanding of the scope of corruption and the circle of persons falling under its definition. Administrative barriers to business development and difficulties in ensuring a favourable investment climate in the country should not be created. In general, there should be a reduction in government involvement in business activities.
Steps taken by independent Kazakhstan on further integration into the global space oblige our country to take into account certain international standards adopted in the fight against corruption.
At the same time, such standards should be introduced not only by using the recommendations of foreign partners. International experience should be thoroughly studied and analyzed for its compliance with the provisions of the Constitution of the country, established legislative and law enforcement practices, taking into account the peculiarities of formation and functioning of traditional and inherent legal mechanisms and institutions of our country.
2.3. The main factors contributing to the manifestation of corruption
In order to form a system of effective anti-corruption, it is necessary, first of all, to identify the main factors contributing to its manifestation in the modern environment.
Among them the most actual now are, first, imperfection of branch laws which norms at law enforcement quite often create conditions for fulfillment of corruption acts.
Citizens who do not know the intricacies of law in practice find it difficult to understand and properly interpret the provisions of such laws.
Secondly, there is a lack of transparency in public and corporate governance. The process of elaboration and adoption of management decisions remains one of the most closed, including in cases when the decisions affecting the rights and legitimate interests of citizens are concerned.
Thirdly, corruption risks associated with officials’ direct contact with the public in the delivery of public services persist.
Fourthly, there is still a low level of legal culture among the population, including public sector employees themselves, which allows unscrupulous employees to exploit it for profit and illegal purposes.
Fifth, there is a lack of comprehensive and targeted information work on the formation of an anti-corruption model of citizen behaviour and a public atmosphere of rejection of corruption.
Sixth, insufficient remuneration of certain categories of civil servants and social guarantees in the civil service.
3. Goal and objectives
3.1 Purpose and target indicators
The purpose of this Strategy is to increase the effectiveness of the state’s anti-corruption policy, involve the whole society in the anti-corruption movement by creating an atmosphere of “zero” tolerance for any manifestations of corruption and reduce the level of corruption in Kazakhstan.
Target indicators applied in the Strategy:
quality of public services;
public trust in the institutions of state power;
level of legal culture of the population;
increasing the country’s authority in the international community and improving relevant international ratings, including the rating of Kazakhstan in the Transparency International Corruption Perception Index.
3.2 Objectives of the Strategy:
Combating corruption in the civil service;
introduction of the institute of public control;
combating corruption in the quasi-governmental and private sector;
prevention of corruption in the courts and law enforcement agencies;
shaping the level of anti-corruption culture;
development of international cooperation in the area of combating corruption.
The goal and objectives of the Strategy are aimed at achieving the goals of the “Kazakhstan-2050” Strategy, taking into account the provisions of the “Нұр Otan” Party’s anti-corruption programme for 2015-2025, as well as proposals and opinions of other public associations.
4. 4. Key areas, main approaches and priority measures
4.1 Counteracting Corruption in the Civil Service
As a result of corrupt acts, material and non-material goods are misappropriated, which results in undermining the interests of society and diminishing the authority of state power.
Therefore, the state will continue to take all measures and create conditions under which it will be unprofitable and impossible to use official powers for selfish purposes.
One of the most important such measures will be for civil servants to declare not only their income, but also their expenses. In the future, such declaration will be extended to the entire population, which will have a positive impact on the observance of the rule of law and transparency in the civil service.
In order to reduce the level of corruption in the state apparatus, it is envisaged to further increase gradually the salaries and social benefits of officials as the financial capacity of the state increases. This task is also becoming more important given that civil servants’ salaries are not yet sufficiently competitive with the private sector.
Integrity of civil servants and transparency of their activities are the basis for successful anti-corruption policy.
One of the prerequisites for corruption is also direct contact between an official and a citizen. The simpler and more transparent the procedure for obtaining public services, the less corruption there is.
Therefore, measures will be taken to gradually transfer a number of state functions to the non-governmental sector – to self-regulatory organisations.
The impact of the human factor will also minimize the widespread use of modern information technologies.
As a result, the volume of services provided to the population in electronic format will increase, including the issuance of permits in this format.
In the basic sectors of the social sphere, including education and health care, the provision of relevant services in electronic form will contribute to reducing corruption.
The public procurement system, which is one of the most corrupt sectors, will be modernized. This is where every fourth corruption crime is committed.
Fundamental improvement of the situation will require such measures as consolidation of a single operator, introduction of automated selection of goods, improvement of procedures for acceptance of performed works and services.
Procedures for providing public services, including those in the customs, tax, agricultural, land relations and banking sectors will be automated to the maximum extent possible.
The list of public services provided to the population on the basis of the “single window” principle will also be expanded (through ETFs).
In general, the principle of transparency is a key factor in the fight against corruption and therefore work on its implementation will be carried out on a permanent, systematic basis, including through monitoring the quality and availability of public services.
4.2. Introduction of a public control institute
An effective mechanism of corruption prevention is public control.
Implementation of such control requires not only activation of civil society institutions, but also appropriate legislative regulation.
The adoption of the Law “On public control” would make it possible, for the first time, to create an integral system of civil control through the legal and regulatory consolidation of the basic rules for its organization and implementation.
Such a law should play an important role in the further development of civil society, whose institutions help to strengthen the authority of the State and improve the quality of the State apparatus.
A legal framework will be created for holding public hearings on issues affecting the rights and interests of citizens, public scrutiny of the decisions of State bodies, the hearing of managers’ reports to the public and citizen participation in the work of collegial bodies.
The law will contribute both to the solution of anti-corruption issues and other socially important issues of the life of society and the state.
At the same time, public control should be clearly delineated from the control functions of the state in accordance with the requirements of the Constitution.
Another tool to ensure transparency of the state apparatus should be the Law “On Access to Public Information”, which will establish the rights of recipients of public information, the procedure for its provision, recording and use.
Free access to public information will eliminate the need for unnecessary contacts between the public and officials.
The most important factor in the successful fight against corruption is the ability of citizens to participate directly in solving local issues. This will be facilitated by the adoption of a law providing for the expansion of local government powers.
The population should be given the opportunity, first of all, to participate in the monitoring and control of the use of funds from local government budget programmes.
4.3 Anti-corruption in the quasi-governmental and private sector
According to international organizations, the risk of corruption in the quasi-public and private sectors is quite comparable to its extent in the public sector.
In the quasi-State sector, where the budget often exceeds public procurement, the problem of corruption is not so acute. However, the current situation rather shows a lack of transparency in this sector. Therefore, there is a need for institutional and legal mechanisms to ensure accountability, control and transparency of decision-making procedures in this sector.
Kazakhstan’s entry into the top 30 most developed countries in the world is possible only if modern principles of business ethics and honest business conduct are observed.
The current National Chamber of Entrepreneurs, along with protecting the interests of domestic business, should bear its share of responsibility for its transparency and integrity and take measures to combat corruption in the corporate sector.
The first step on this way has already been taken – the Anti-Corruption Charter of Business has been developed. It proclaims the basic principles and postulates of corruption-free private business in Kazakhstan.
There are a number of other anti-corruption measures to be taken in various areas of financial and economic activity.
Also measures will be taken to create conditions for ensuring transparency in the provision of services to citizens by entities of the quasi-governmental and private sector.
This includes the expansion of the use of electronic technologies in the banking sector, the establishment of clear criteria for determining tariffs in the sphere of natural monopolies, and the reduction of government participation in the construction industry and other sectors of the economy.
At the same time, the fight against corruption in the private sector should be conducted in such a way that it does not lead to deterioration of the investment climate and risks for entrepreneurs.
4.4. Prevention of corruption in judicial and law enforcement bodies
The effectiveness of a State’s anti-corruption policy depends primarily on the rule of law system, with an impeccable justice system at its core.
In order to increase confidence in the judicial system and improve the quality of the administration of justice, measures will be taken to eliminate corruption in the activities of judges, including by tightening the requirements for judicial candidates.
Simplifying court proceedings, increasing their speed and automating the work of the courts will make it possible to ensure free access to justice and increase transparency in the work of the judicial system.
The priorities in the work of the law enforcement system should be shifted from the detection of crimes to their prevention and prevention.
In the personnel policy of law enforcement agencies, mechanisms for competitive selection and the principle of meritocracy should be introduced in the system of administrative public service.
Attestation and testing procedures for employees will be improved and a ban on transferring employees without using the personnel reserve will be introduced.
In the area of law enforcement, a corrupt environment may also arise in contacts between law enforcement officers and citizens.
The solution to this problem largely depends on the cleanliness of law enforcement ranks, the further introduction of new technologies and the automation of relevant procedures.
Only law enforcement agencies that are free from corruption can effectively protect the rights of citizens, the interests of society and the state.
Public trust should become the main criterion for evaluating law enforcement activities.
4.5 Formation of the level of anti-corruption culture
The anti-corruption package provided for in this Strategy should be accompanied by broad public participation.
Only close partnership between the state and society will allow successfully countering corruption.
Without public support, anti-corruption measures taken from above have only a partial effect.
An intolerant attitude towards corruption should become a civic position of every citizen of Kazakhstan, while integrity should become a norm of behaviour.
Without an anti-corruption culture, strong immunity to corruption and public disapproval, it is impossible to achieve the desired result. Every Kazakh, every family must understand that the fight against corruption is a matter for the whole society.
Working with the younger generation plays an essential role in shaping anti-corruption culture. Only the introduction of anti-corruption standards of conduct from an early age will help eradicate this social evil.
It is important from childhood to educate the personality in the spirit of Kazakh patriotism and rejection of corruption.
Anti-corruption training courses should cover all educational institutions, government agencies and civil society in general.
However, this should be done on a professional basis, using specialists from various sectors who will be able to reveal the mechanisms for citizens to receive public services and protect their rights and legitimate interests in an accessible and qualified manner.
The mass media are called upon to ensure an atmosphere of public rejection of corruption, to promote the formation of an active civic position of the citizens of Kazakhstan and their active participation in the fight against corruption.
Often, corruption is the result of poor legal literacy of citizens in exercising their rights and legitimate interests.
It is necessary to achieve a cardinal eradication of legal nihilism in society.
To remedy the situation is called for large-scale explanatory work among the population, systematic and painstaking activities to improve the legal culture of citizens, taking into account their age, professional and other characteristics.
In Kazakhstan, following the example of foreign countries, material encouragement has been introduced for citizens who report corruption. This mechanism shows its effectiveness. Thanks to the principled position of our citizens, many corruption-related offences have been prevented. We must continue to work in this direction.
Anti-corruption ethics and culture of Kazakhstani society should be formed in the context of the ideology “Мәңгілік eel”. A harmonious combination of traditional spiritual values and the best international standards will recreate the canons of legitimate behavior of citizens.
Awareness and rejection of corruption as a phenomenon alien to the national culture is the basis of the anti-corruption culture of our society.
4.6. Development of international cooperation in the fight against corruption
Kazakhstan will expand and deepen international cooperation in combating corruption.
Effective foreign policy activities of Kazakhstan as a full-fledged subject of international law, the result of which includes accession to the UN Convention against Corruption, to other documents in this area, ensures the active participation of our country in the processes of international anti-corruption.
On the one hand, it creates incentives for the use of best anti-corruption practices, and on the other hand, it expands opportunities for cooperation with foreign countries.
Our State has concluded a number of agreements on mutual legal assistance, extradition of criminals and asset recovery.
Cooperation with the European Union and the use of foreign experience, but taking into account our specifics and national legislation, will also contribute to the improvement of our anti-corruption policy.
Special attention should be paid to offshore zones through which capital is transferred abroad and legalized, including often of dubious origin. The signing of relevant international agreements and treaties will ensure transparency of offshore companies’ activities.
The practice of international anti-corruption measures and participation in reputable international organizations will be continued. Our country intends to remain an authoritative dialogue platform for discussing issues related to the fight against transnational corruption.
5. 5. Monitoring and evaluation of the Strategy implementation
The mechanism of implementation of the Anti-Corruption Strategy will be headed by the authorized body for combating corruption, and all government bodies, organizations and institutions, companies with state participation, political parties and other public associations and civil society in general will participate in the implementation of the Strategy.
The phased implementation of the Strategy will be ensured by an Action Plan, which will be approved by the Government in coordination with the Presidential Administration.
A prerequisite for achieving the goals of the Strategy is monitoring and evaluation of its implementation, divided into internal and external.
Internal monitoring and evaluation of implementation will be carried out directly by the implementer of the relevant activity, while external monitoring will be carried out by a specially created monitoring group, which will include representatives of interested government bodies, the public and the mass media.
The condition for proper monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the Anti-Corruption Strategy is its openness.
Progress reports on the implementation of the relevant measures will be made available to the public in order to obtain an external assessment and take into account public opinion.
The assessment and public opinion will be taken into account at subsequent stages of the Strategy implementation.
The final stage of implementation of the Anti-Corruption Strategy will be the submission of the relevant report to the Head of State.
The annual national report on the implementation of the document will be placed in the mass media.
